These walls were erected during the reign of the Turkish Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1535–1538. The wall around the Old Town has 4300 m long, 2.5-3.9 m thick at the base, 1.5 m thick at the top, and 5 to 15 m high. Foundations and remains of oldest walls were used; the lower half of the tower in the picture is apparently belongs to the time of Herod the Great. The Citadel is visible on the left. An amount equal to the taxes from the whole of Egypt for 8 years was spent on the construction of the entire fortress.
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